02. March 2024 · Categories: Apple, Politics

Apple has now confirmed that they will continue supporting Progressive Web Apps in the EU, iOS will serve them using Webkit. Over at gamesfray, Florian Müller explains why he believes this to be illegal. I believe this interpretation is wrong, that Apple overreacted, and that PWA never fell under the interoperability clauses of the Digital Markets Act. The important parts are

  • article 5, part 7:

    The gatekeeper shall not require end users to use, or business users to use, to offer, or to interoperate with, an identification service, a web browser engine or a payment service, or technical services that support the provision of payment services, such as payment systems for in-app purchases, of that gatekeeper in the context of services provided by the business users using that gatekeeper’s core platform services.

  • article 6, part 7:

    The gatekeeper shall allow providers of services and providers of hardware, free of charge, effective interoperability with, and access for the purposes of interoperability to, the same hardware and software features accessed or controlled via the operating system or virtual assistant listed in the designation decision pursuant to Article 3(9) as are available to services or hardware provided by the gatekeeper. Furthermore, the gatekeeper shall allow business users and alternative providers of services provided together with, or in support of, core platform services, free of charge, effective interoperability with, and access for the purposes of interoperability to, the same operating system, hardware or software features, regardless of whether those features are part of the operating system, as are available to, or used by, that gatekeeper when providing such services.

    The gatekeeper shall not be prevented from taking strictly necessary and proportionate measures to ensure that interoperability does not compromise the integrity of the operating system, virtual assistant, hardware or software features provided by the gatekeeper, provided that such measures are duly justified by the gatekeeper.

PWAs are in my opinion not covered. In 5(7), only business users using the core platform service (iOS) get the right to chose their web browser engine. This means iOS apps, not web pages1. And 6(7) only demands that you get access to the same features that Apple uses, it does not include the right to replace the underlying implementation. So it only means that rival web browsers will be able to install PWAs, not replace the underlying browser engine for PWAs. The Safari App does not run PWAs, this is done by iOS with the help of Webkit, this is thus not an ability rival web browsers could demand access to.


  1. Were we to regard the browser as a core platform service, then a literal reading could require the browsers to allow web sites to select an engine of their choice. This is technically absurd, and legally dubious, as this is obviously aimed at forced bundling, as clearly laid out in note 43. And I doubt the DMA wants to force end users to tolerate crypto mining engines destroying their batteries. 
26. January 2024 · Categories: Apple, Politics

Apple has now published their proposal to comply with the Digital Markets Act. Apple now allows you to avoid the App Store while charging €0.50 annually for all app installs above a million. This is in clear violation of Article 6, §7 of the DMA, which says:

The gatekeeper shall allow providers of services and providers of hardware, free of charge, effective interoperability with, and access for the purposes of interoperability to, the same hardware and software features accessed or controlled via the operating system or virtual assistant listed in the designation decision pursuant to Article 3(9) as are available to services or hardware provided by the gatekeeper. Furthermore, the gatekeeper shall allow business users and alternative providers of services provided together with, or in support of, core platform services, free of charge, effective interoperability with, and access for the purposes of interoperability to, the same operating system, hardware or software features, regardless of whether those features are part of the operating system, as are available to, or used by, that gatekeeper when providing such services.

The gatekeeper shall not be prevented from taking strictly necessary and proportionate measures to ensure that interoperability does not compromise the integrity of the operating system, virtual assistant, hardware or software features provided by the gatekeeper, provided that such measures are duly justified by the gatekeeper.

It is important to understand that the App Store is separate from iOS, according to the DMA. Which means that Apple has to provide third parties access to iOS on the same terms as it uses for the App Store and its other built in apps. It cannot charge developers for that access, but it could charge users. Maybe 0.50€ per app per year, with the first 20 free. But then it would need to count the built in apps against that, and removing a built in app would free a slot for an external app, so that users can substitute Google Maps for Apple Maps. And they need to charge the same fee independently of where the app came from, App Store apps would incur the same costs as apps from other sources. This is clearly undesirable for Apple, to create an incentive to throw out built in apps to save money, and to no longer sample apps from the App Store. It also economically advantages large cooperations, and incentives them to create a single mega app, in order to save on the fees. This is not good from a policy point of view.

31. October 2023 · Categories: Apple

The pricing matrix for the M3 has become quite complicated:

Processor 8GB 16GB 18GB 24GB 36GB 48GB 64GB 96GB 128GB
M3- -200 0 200
M3 0 200 400
M3 Pro 400 800
M3 Pro+ 600 1000
M3 Max 1400 2200
M3 Max+ 1900 2100 2900

This looks like an attempt to steer people to manage Max and Max+ demand, especially the lack of a 64GB Max variant.

Tidbits:

  • the improved graphics cache for the Pro/Max models provides a surprising amount of extra graphics power. This moves them much closer to top class graphics performance.

  • memory bandwidth for M3 Pro is only 150GB/s, M3 Max 300 GB/s and M3 Max+ 400GB/s

  • the neural engine did not get any more cores, contrary to the 32 cores now on the A17 Pro.

  • while SSD prices have halved in the last year, Apple has kept their prices the same.

  • memory pricing remains the same. Cost for extra memory up to 36GB remains high, and double the price for later increments. Mobile DDR5 is $120 per 16GB, DDR5X maybe $150.

Update 08.11. As John Gruber has pointed out, the complications are basically a function of using 2, 3 or 4 memory chips with the processor. He also would have liked a 48GB M3 Pro model, something that would be the correct mobile sweet spot. After all an M3 Pro can already draw 50W under full load, and would become quite warm under continuous load. That 6+6 configuration looks quite sweet to keep heat in check.

I suspect it does not exist because it would clearly show the kinks in Apples memory pricing, a lamentable victory of marketing over user needs.

16. September 2022 · Categories: Apple

The iPhone mini is no more, and it is not very surprising. As already said, it was still too big, it should have been 59mm by 120mm to be great phone to use one handed. The sad part is that the new camera system and the reduced size of the front cutout would have provided the ingredients that would have made even a photographer switch:

  • With the main camera of the 14 Pro, augmented with the flash and Lidar only, we would have a very compact, yet capable camera with 24mm f/6.3 and 48mm f/12.6 options1. If size required, I would even forgo the wide angle macro lens, even though the main camera only offers 1:3 magnification at 48mm.

  • We would still have a 5″ screen, enough for information on the go. And with CarPlay a larger size is no longer desired for navigation.

  • The improvements in battery life seen in the 14 Pro, including the always on screen, mean that even at the smaller size we can now provide 12 hour active battery life.

I really hope that like with the iPad mini, this phone will be offered on a 3 yearly update schedule. Long enough run to amortize the development costs, and now that annual performance gains are “just” in the 10% to 20% range, it will remain current long enough.


  1. The Sony RX100 m7 has a lens equivalent to full frame 24mm-200mm f/7.6 – f/12.1. It is f/11 at 48mm, and offers 1:2.1 near macro at 56mm. The m5 had a 24mm-70mm f/4.9 to f/7.6. The other lenses on the 14 Pro are less impressive: f/13.6 for the 14mm, f/24 for the 77mm. 
23. October 2021 · Categories: Apple

Rumors are that Apple will not provide an update for the iPhone 13 mini, because of disappointing sales. I believe this is because it is not mini enough. The standard size iPhone is just small enough to hold in one hand, and scroll through content, and the mini is already too large for typing one handed.

iPhone Sizes

The main culprit is the width. 64.2mm are 5.6mm more than the 5, and only 2.8mm less than the 6. It does not feel small in hand, it feels pretty close to a 6.

I believe Apple should recognize that the mini is a speciality phone, put it onto a triennial update schedule, and make it small:

  • 59 mm width would make it fit nicely into a hand again

  • 120g weight is the sweet point so that it does not feel too dense

  • 9mm depth would still be acceptable if needed.

For the small size, some compromises will be necessary. Important is to keep the battery life of the 13 mini, the full frontal screen with Face ID, and front and back cameras. With corona, adding Touch ID to the power button as well would be nice. I prefer having only one large back lens, similar to the normal on the 13 Pro, together with Lidar to provide some depth sensing. It does not need mmWave support, the standard 5G bands can provide 100 Mbit/s easily. It does not need a glass back, a combination of aluminium and carbon fibers can keep the weight down.

17. October 2021 · Categories: Apple

My 45mm Watch has arrived, in a nice midnight blue.

Watch with black armband

Midnight Apple Watch 7 with black armband

The color is much darker than I was originally afraid of. It is very close to black, even closer than dark navy suits, and so can be easily combined with any color. I like it better than the space gray of my old watch.

It is quite large. If you wear long sleeves, it is most noticeable, as now a part of the watch will remain covered when casually raising it. Unlike the 38mm/42mm of the original, which registered as normal/small, 45mm/41mm should now be seen as large/normal. If you are in doubt about the size, get the 41mm.

First thing I was looking at was replacing my trusty old Modular face with the new Infograph Modular. I was in for a shock of ugliness.

Modular Face

Infograph Modular Face

The purple face now has a dominant color of white. I understand that on a small display you will want white for the best constrast when the text is small, and this is done correctly in the temperature range, but what is the point of changing the color when it only changes a small accent? You can also see that the 60% text is not properly aligned.

Interestingly, other faces use an inverted color scheme for the complications, as the new Contour face.

Contour Face


And both are not appropriate. For readability we want all tiny text in white, no point of adding information if you cannot read it. You also want enough contrast in the dial, not one color where you have trouble seeing the important detail.

Instead, I would use the colors differently to ensure both pretty good readability, and to keep our color the dominant element in the interface:

Modular Redesign

12. November 2020 · Categories: Apple

The new Apple silicon for the Mac starts with a chip that provides roughly the same performance as the top end Intel chip in MacBooks, while consuming so little power that the new Air no longer has a fan.

The transition will likely go smoothly. As we no longer have self modifying code, translation of x64 code to ARM is now feasible at reasonable performance, and the chip has enough headroom for the losses incurred.

The new Mac mini is a missed opportunity: with the same underlying architecture as Apple TV, it would have been nice to see a home focused variant, that includes Apple TV, and serves as a home server as well as a WiFi router.

The architecture is now tightly integrated, with shared memory for all blocks. I wonder how this will translate to higher performance configurations. Either you go for really large chips to keep the integration, or you need multiple chips with corresponding problems in synchronizing memory. I suspect that large chips are now feasible, with dozens units you can plan for disabling a few to avoid defects, and the caches could be 16 way, allowing you to disable one way where you find defects.

With any multi chip solution you have limited bandwidth to address cache coherency issues, and congestion accessing the shared memory. This is why massively parallel computers put their emphasis on fast links between nodes, and not on a fast, shared memory.

09. November 2020 · Categories: Apple

The iPhone now has four variants for the mainstay 12: 12 mini, 12, 12 Pro and 12 Pro Max. The technical differences are relatively small, and much of the consideration boils down to the phone size you prefer.

The Pro’s have lidar, 6 GB RAM, and three lenses. On the normal Pro the extra lens is 52mm, on the Pro Max 65mm with better stabilization. The Pro Max also has a better 26mm lens, adding roughly half a stop more light gathering. This gives three levels of camera performance, with the base level already great for most casual shots. If you want more, you might want to consider something like the RX100 VII, which is not too heavy, and complements the phone quite nicely.

Unfortunately, the Pro models have worse materials in their design: the steel bands add to the weight, non glossy backs make them more difficult to hold, and the color choices are boring.

The main difference really is the size: the Max is too large for one handed operation, the middle size is kind of OK for men, and the mini is the best one. Without the margins, the mini has 15% more screen than the 2nd gen SE, and this is sufficient, especially if you have an iPad as well.

Personally, I like having the 52mm enough that I am willing to compromise on size to get the Pro, but it is not really what I want: camera system of the Pro, size of the mini, but about 2-3mm thicker to accommodate a larger battery and to hide the camera bump.

PS: After a month the 12 Pro still feels too large and heavy. Just enough to irritate me, not enough to dump the phone. It affirms that the phone I really want is the 12 Pro mini outlined above.

30. September 2017 · Categories: Apple

I find the implementation of the dock in iOS 11 annoying in a few small ways:

When you access the task switcher, tapping onto the background takes you to your home screen. But if you leave via the home button, you get back to your previous screen, no matter whether it is an app or the home screen. Because the task switcher also contains the quick access buttons, it means extra mental load when I just want to change a setting. Tapping on the background should always return you to your previous screen. If you want quick access to the home screen from the switcher, it should be a separate, clearly indicated area. Maybe it would be a small home strip above the spaces display.

It is too easy to accidentally kill an app. The flick to destroy gesture is very satisfying, but too easy to trigger when you grab an app and are just playing with the animation. Something like the trash can would be great to improve this.

To add an app not in the dock to side by side, you start dragging with one finger on the home screen, then open the app switcher, and then drag the app to the correct space. If you are not fast enough, you often open the wrong space. Instead I suggest that dragging an icon to the right or left of the dock should place the app into side by side with the most recently opened app. Dragging it there will provide feedback in the form of an animation, just like dragging an icon from the dock to the sides while an app is active. If you keep hovering a bit, the most recent app will come back to the foreground. The area to the side is large enough that accidental activation should not be an issue.

There are also a few bugs. Quite often the task switcher view forgets to blur the background. Also in the home screen, if you show your widgets, go back to the apps, and then rotate the screen, the docks stays in place. I am a bit worried about the last bug, because it seems like a problem that anyone using the iPad handheld would have quickly spotted.

27. April 2017 · Categories: Apple

We tend to attribute to multitouch some magical properties that single handily caused the iPhone to win. But this is forgetting that there already was a pretty convincing path to success in the Palm Treo. Having a pocket computer with connectivity was already very desirable when the iPhone debuted. The power of multitouch was that it enabled a workable screen keyboard, in combination with autocorrect, which in turn doubled the available screen area. This was such a compelling advantage, together with allowing you to use your fingers pretty naturally, that everyone had to change their interaction model.1

But Apple also did base iOS on Unix, just when processors became fast enough to support it even with the tight power budgets of a phone. At the time the competition was still using 16bit processors, and had operating systems that had much less abstraction and robustness. It was this double that prevented the phone competition from responding in a timely manner, and allowed Google with a PC background to establish Android.

When we look at shipments, we see that it took until around 2010 for the old manufacturers to suffer declining sales. That was actually a three year window in which Nokia or RIM could have responded. A window in which you had to implement two huge redesigns, and also embrace and establish an app market. And that turned out to be too big a task for RIM and Nokia to undertake by the time they finally came around embracing the change.


  1. As you can see from keyboards for the iPad, to the still widely available notebooks, multitouch is not such a compelling advantage when your computer is essentially only used while on a desk. The keyboard no longer needs to compete with screen space, and you can comfortably use a mouse or touchpad on a desk, removing almost all the advantages of multitouch. In addition, the indirect keyboard / mouse model allows for a significantly denser presentation of information.